\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Lập tỉ lệ : 

\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)

\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)

\(b.\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.001..........0.002\)

\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)

nH⁺=0,022 mol            nOH^-=0,02 mol

H⁺       +        OH^-    --------> H20

0,022            0,02

0,02              0,02

0,002

[H⁺] du=0,002/0,2=0,01 M

pH= -log(0,01)=2

n_{HCl =} 0.022 mol

=> n_{H+ = 0,022 mol}

n_NaOH = 0,02 mol

=> n_OH- = 0,02 mol

H⁺ + OH^- --_^> H₂O

dư n_H⁺ = 0,002 mol

=> [H⁺ ]= 0,002/ ( 0,1+0,1) = 0,01 M

=> pH = 2

Ví dụ 5 :

n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)

n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$

n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)

=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)

=> [H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 3  :

n NaOH = 0,01.0,001V(mol)

n HCl = 0,03.0,001V(mol)

$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + H_2O$

n HCl dư = 0,03.0,001V - 0,01.0,001V = 0,02.0,001V(mol)

Suy ra : 

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,02.0,001V/0,002V = 0,01(M)

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 4 : 

n HCl = 0,02.0,05 = 0,001(mol)

n H2SO4 = 0,02.0,075 = 0,0015(mol)

=> n H+ = 0,001 + 0,0015.2 = 0,004(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04(ml)

=> [H⁺ ] = 0,004/0,04 = 0,1M

=> pH = - log(0,1) = 1

\(pH=7\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(0,05+0,06.2\right)\text{​​}V_2=\left(0,08+0,02.2\right)V_1\)

\(\Rightarrow V_1:V_2=17:12\)

a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:

\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)

cần lời giải chi tiết ạ

\(n_{OH^-}=0,12V_1\)

\(n_{H^+}=0,17V_2\)

\(n_{OH^-dư}=\left(V_1+V_2\right).10^{-1}\)

Ta có: 

\(n_{OH^-dư}+n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(V_1+V_2\right).10^{-1}=0,12V_1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,1V_1=0,02V_2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{V_1}{V_2}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)

\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)