16)  Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

>> Because of her sickness, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday 

17)  She went to bed early because she felt tired.

>>Because of feeling tired,  She went to bed early 

18)  Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.

>> Because of her mother's sickness, Margaret stayed at home

19)  I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

>> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t do the test 

20)   I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.

>> Because of the darkness, I couldn’t read the letter 

21)   I can’t study because it is noisy.

>> Because of the noise, I can’t study 

22)  The train come late because it was foggy.

>> Because of the fog, The train come late 

23)   The train was late because the fog was thick.

>> Because of the thick fog, The train was late

24)  I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.

>> Because of the hot weather, I can’t sleep

25)  All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.

>> Because of his good conduct, All the teacher love him

26)  Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.

>> Because of the traffic accident, I went to school late.

27)  Because there is a  shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

>> Because of a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

28)  Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

>> Because of  a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

29)  She walked slowly because her leg was injured.

>> Because of her injured leg, She walked slowly

30)  Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.

>> Because of the sunny weather, we decided to go camping.

Rewrite the following sentences:

Peter did not go to school yesterday because he was sick.

==> Because of his sickness, Peter did not go to school yesterday.

Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

==> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.

Rewrite the following sentences:

Peter did not go to school yesterday because he was sick.

==> Because of ..Peter's sickness, he did not go to school yesterday.....

Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

==> Because of ....feeling tired, Mary went to bed early......

1. He isn't happy although he is very rich DESPITE

Despite being very rich, he isn't happy

2. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied INSPITE OF

In spite of getting a good job, he was not satisfied

3. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick BECAUSE OF

Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness

4. She went to bed early because she felt tired BECAUSE OF

Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early

5. I can't sleep because the weather is hot BECAUSE OF

I can't sleep because of the hot weather

1Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

Because of.....................................Mary's sickness, she didn’t go to school yesterday ..............

2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.

Because of............................her tiredness, she went to bed early...........

3. Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

Because of.............................having a bad cold, Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty.....................

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.

Because of..................working hard and methodically, John succeeded in his exam......................

5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.

Because of.........Margaret 's mother 's sickness,,she stayed home..........................

6. I like him because his father is kind to me.

Because of........... his father's kindness to her,  his father's kindness to her..........................

7. I can’t study because it is noisy.

Because of.........................the noise, I can’t study....................................

8. I can’t eat these fruits because they are green.

Because of..............these green fruits,I can’t eat them ..........................

9. The train came late because it was foggy.

Because of.................the fog, The train came late..........

10. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.

Because of.............his good conduct,All the teachers love him.......

11. The train was late because the fog was thick.

Because of..............the thick fog, the train was late....................

12. We stopped our car because the traffic light turned red.

Because of.........the red traffic light,we stopped our car..............

Change clauses of reason to phrases.

1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.

-> Because of her sickness, Mary didn't go to school yesterday.

-> Because of the fact that Mary was sick, she didn't go to school yesterday.

-> Because of being sick, Mary didn't go to school yeaterday.

2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.

-> Because of feeling tired, She went to bed early.

-> Because of her tiredness, she went to bed early.

-> Because of the fact that she felt tired, she went to bed early.

3. Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

-> Because of having a bad cold, Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty.

-> Because of the fact that Ann had a bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.

-> because of working hard and methodically, John succeeded in his exam.

-> Because of the fact that John worked hard and methodically, he succeeded in his exam.

5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.

-> Because of her mother's sickness, Margaret stayed home.

-> Because of the fact that her mother was sick, Margaret stayed home.

6. I like him because his father is kind to me.

-> Because of his father's kindness, I like him.

-> Because of the fact that his father is kind to me, I like him.

7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green.

-> Becase of being green, I can't ear these fruits.

-> Because of the fact that they are green, I can't eat these fruits.

8. I couldn't do the test because it was difficult.

-> Becase of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test.

-> Because of being difficult, I couldn't do the test.

-> Because of the fact that it was difficult, I couldn't do the test.

9. I couldn't read the letter because it was dark.

-> Becase of its darkness, I couldn't read the letter.

-> Because of being dark, I couldn't read the letter.

-> Becase of the fact that it was dark, I couldn't read the letter.

10. He came late because it rained heavily.

-> Because of raining heavily, he came late.

-> Because of the fact that it rained heavily, he came late.

11. I can't study because it is noisy.

-> Becase of its noise, i can't study.

-> Becase of being noisy, i can't study.

-> Becase of the fact that it is noisy, i can't study.

12. The train came late because it was foggy.

-> Becase of being foggy , the train came late.

-> Because of its fog, the train came late.

-> Because of the fact that it was foggy, the train came late.

13. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.

-> Because of the fact that his conduct is good, all the teachers love him.

14. The train was late because the fog was thick.

-> Because of the thickening of the fog, the train was late.

-> Because of the fact that the fog was thick, the train was late.

15. We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red.

-> because of the fact that the traffic lights turned red, we stopped our car.B

16. The plane couldn't take off because the weather was bad.

-> Because of the weather's badness, the plane couldn't take off.

-> Because of the fact that the weather was bad, the plane couldn't take off.

17. Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp.

-> Because of the fact that the climate is warn and dampt, rice plants grow well.

18. He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow.

-> Because of the fact that the street was crowded and narrow, he couldn't drive fast.

19. I can't sleep because the weather is hot.

-> Because of being hot, I can't sleep

-> Because of the heat of the weather, I can't sleep.

-> Because of the fact that the weather is hot, I can't sleep.

20. He left school because his life was hard.

-> Because of the fact that his life was hard, he left school.

Rewrite the sentences, using the words in the brackets. Change other words in the sentence if necessary.

- Peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick. ( because of )

PETER DIDN'T GO TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY BECAUSE OF HIS SICKNESS.

- Mary went to bed early becau she felt tired ( because of )

MARY WENT TO BED EARLY BECAUSE OF HER TIREDNESS.

- She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ( because of )

SHE DIDN'T GO TO THE CIRCUS WITH BETTY BECAUSE OF HAVING A BAD COLD.

- John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard ( because of )

JOHN SUCCEEDED IN HIS EXAM BECAUSE OF WORKING HARD.

- She stayed at home because her mother was sick ( because of )

SHE STAYED AT HOME BECAUSE OF HER MOTHER'S SICKNESS.

- I like him because his father is kind to me ( because of )

I LIKE HIM BECAUSE OF HIS FATHER 'S KINDNESS TO ME.

- I couldn't do the test because it was difficult. ( because of )

I COULDN'T DO THE TEST BECAUSE OF ITS DIFICULTY.

- Although I am hurry, I can't eat now ( despite )

- Despite the narrow streets,many people drive cars in this city ( although )

ALTHOUGH THE STREETS ARE NARROW, MANY PEOPLE DRIVES CARS IN THE CITY.

- In spite of the high prices,my daughters insist on going to the movie ( although )

ALTHOUGH THE PRICES IS HIGH, my daughters insist on going to the movie.

- They worked very hard in spite of their old age ( although )

ALTHOUGH THEY ARE OLD, THEY WORKED VERY HARD.

- What í the distance between Vinh anh Ha Noi city => How FARR IS IT FROM VINH TO HA NOI CITY ?

- I often walked to school when I was a student. => I used TO WALK TO SCHOOL WHEN I WAS A STUDENT.

- Although they are short,they still love playing sports. ( In spite of )

IN SPITE OF BEING SHORT, THEY STILL LOVE PLAYING SPORTS.

28 Because of Ann's bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty

29 Because of John's hard and methodical work, he succeeded in his exam

30 Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed home

31 Because of his father's kindness to me, I like him

III. REWRITE

4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.

-> Though the air in the country is polluted, people like to live there.

6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.

-> Because you don't pass the exam, your parents are not happy.

9. The movie was so funny that we couldn't stop laughing.

-> It was such a funny movie that we couldn't stop laughing.

10. No one could move the piano. It was very heavy.

-> The piano was too heavy for anyone to move.

The piano was too heavy to be moved.

IV. Clauses of Reason: Because, Because of, As a result of, As a consequence

11. Peter didn't go to school yesterday because he was sick.

-> Because of his sickness, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.

Because of the fact that Peter was sickness, he didn't go to school yesterday.

Because of being sick, Peter didn't go to school yesterday.

12. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

-> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.

Because of her tiredness, Mary went to bed early.

Because of the fact that Mary felt tired, she went to bed early.

13. She didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a cold.

-> Because of having a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.

Because of the fact that she had a cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.

14. Iohn succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.

-> Because of working hard, Iohn succeeded in his exam.

Because of the fact that John worked hard, he succeeded in his exam.

15. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.

-> Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed at home.

Because of the fact that her mother was sick, she stayed at home.

16. I like him because his father is kind to me.

-> Because of his father's kindness, I like him.

Because of the fact that his father is kind to me, I like him.

17. I couldn't do the test because it was difficult.

-> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test.

Because of the fact that the test was difficult, I couldn't do the it.

VII. Hoàn thành những câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.

1. He climbed the tree in order to/so as to get a better view.

2. You should get up early so that/in order that you will have time to review your lesson.

3. Some young people like to earn their own living so that/in order that they will be independent of their parents.

4. We should do morning exercise regularly in order to/so as to improve our health.

9. He didn't arrive until 9 o'clock although he promised that he wouldn't be late. (using in spite of)

=> He didn't arrive until 9 o'clock in spite of his promise not to be late.

10. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.

=> In spite of his serious illness, he was determined to finish his work.

11. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

=> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.

12. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

=> Because of having a bad cold, she didn’t go to the circus with Betty.

13. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.

=> Because he drove too fast, he caused a serious accident.