a)

Gọi $n_{ZnCl_2} = a(mol) ; n_{FeCl_3} = b(mol)$

Ta có : 

$m_{hh} = 136a + 162,5b = 29,85(gam)$
$n_{NaOH} = 2a + 3b = 0,5(mol)$

Suy ra a = b = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)$

$m_{FeCl_3} = 0,1.162,5 = 16,25(gam)$

b)

$m_{Zn(OH)_2} = 0,1.99 = 9,9(gam)$
$m_{Fe(OH)_3} = 0,1.107 = 10,7(gam)$

Sau phản ứng : 

$m_{dd} = 29,85 + 500.1,1 - 9,9 - 10,7 = 559,25(gam)$

$n_{NaCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,5(mol)$
$C\%_{NaCl} = \dfrac{0,5.58,5}{559,25}.100\% = 5,23\%$

c)

$V_{dd} = 0,2+ 0,5 = 0,7(lít)$

$[Na^+] = \dfrac{0,5}{0,7} = 0,714M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,5}{0,7} = 0,714M$
(Thiếu nồng độ $H_2SO_4$)

a)

Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2  + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$

Ta có :

$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1

$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%  =47,06\%$

$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$

b)

$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$

c)

$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$

$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$

$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa}  = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$

Ta có:

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)

Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)

\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)

+ Với NaOH vừa đủ

\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)

+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT

\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)

Đặt nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol)

PTHH: Mg +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_______a_____a(mol)

2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

b_____3b____b_____1,5b(mol)

Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=7,8\\a+1,5b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> %mMg=[(0,1.24)/7,8].100=30,769%

=>%mAl= 69,231%

c) MgCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaCl

0,1_______________0,1(mol)

AlCl3 + 3 NaOH -> Al(OH)3 + 3 NaCl

0,2____________0,2(mol)

=> m=m(kết tủa)= mMg(OH)2+ mAl(OH)3= 58.0,1+ 78.0,2= 21,4(g)