nMgCO3 = \(\dfrac{8,4}{84}\)= 0,1 (mol)

a)PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O

_______ 0,1 mol-->0,2 mol--->0,1 mol

b)mHCl = 0,2 . 36,5 = 7,3 (g)

C%HCl bđ = \(\dfrac{7,3}{146}\) .100% = 5%

c)mMgCl2 = 0,1 . 95 = 9,5 (g)

mdd = 8,4 + 146 = 154,4 (g)

C% MgCl2 = \(\dfrac{9,5}{154,4}\).100% = 6,15%

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

0,1 mol____ 0,2 mol__ 0,1 mol__0,1

_ m_HCl = 0,2 . 36,5 = 7,3 (g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{7,3}{146}.100\%=5\%\)

_ m\(_{MgCl_2}\) = 9,5(g)

_ m_{dd sau pư} = 8,4 + 146 - 0,1. 44 = 150 ( g)

=> C%MgCl₂ = \(\dfrac{9,5}{150}.100=6,3\%\)

n_MgCO3 = \(\dfrac{8,4}{84}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Pt: MgCO₃ + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

0,1 mol----> 0,2 mol-> 0,1 mol-> 0,1 mol

m_HCl = 0,2 . 36,5 = 7,3 (g)

C% dd HCl = \(\dfrac{7,3}{146}.100\%=5\%\)

m_MgCl2 = 0,1 . 95 = 9,5 (g)

mdd sau pứ = m_MgCO3 + mdd HCl - m_CO2

....................= 8,4 + 146 - 0,1 . 44 = 150 (g)

C% dd MgCl₂ = \(\dfrac{9,5}{150}.100\%=6,33\%\)

Câu 1 : 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)

Câu 2 :

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(1................2\)

\(0.1.............0.25\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)

Câu 3 : 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.3.......0.6......................0.3\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.3\cdot56=16.8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=150\cdot1.2=180\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6\cdot36.5}{180}\cdot100\%=12.16\%\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.6}{0.15}=4\left(M\right)\)

n_MgCO3 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{8,4}{84}\)= 0,1 (mol)

Khi cho MgCO₃ vào HCl, ta có PTHH:

a. MgCO₃ + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\)MgCl₂ + CO₂\(\uparrow\)+ H₂O

        0,1 \(\rightarrow\)0,2      :           0,1  :    0,1     : 0,1            (mol)

b. C%_HCl = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{36,5.0,2}{146}\).100% = 5 %

c. m_ddsau = m_MgCO3 + m_HCl - m_CO2 = 8,4 + 146 - 44.0,1 = 150 (g)

C%_MgCl2 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\).100% = \(\frac{0,1.95}{150}\).100% \(\approx\) 6,33 %

\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{12,4}{62}=0,2mol\\ a,Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaCl}=0,2.2=0,4mol\\ b,C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\\ c,m_{ddNaCl}=200.1,05+12,4=222,4g\\ C_{\%NaCl}=\dfrac{0,4.58,5}{222,4}\cdot100=10,52\%\)

a. PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂↑

b. Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{14,6}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=20\%\)

=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=73\left(g\right)\)

d. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=73+4,8-\left(0,2.2\right)=77,4\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{19}{77,4}.100\%=24,5\%\)