XI. You are going to read an article about a sailing race. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A - H for each paragraph from 1 – 5 of the article. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. There has been an example for you.  

          EX:      Paragraph 0: D

A. The consequences of poor performance E. Benefiting from the power of nature

B. An unexpectedly demanding way of life F. Cooperating to overcome the power of nature

C. A solution that seems to work G. It’s not what people think

D. The terrible consequences of making a mistake H. No way out if you don’t like it

Paragraph 0: 

Imagine for a moment, spending the night on board of a large yacht, being roughly woken in the pitch dark and ordered on deck. Every so often you will be totally drenched, very suddenly, in salt water. You will be sharing the same cramped space with 14 other people for a whole year. Your stomach, when not affected by seasickness, will be hit by the competitive tension and nervousness that afflicts all sportspeople. You will be obliged to concentrate without cease. The slightest loss of focus could cost someone their life.

Paragraph 1: 

For the eight crews taking part in the Round-the-world yachting race, this has been daily life since they left Britain eleven months ago. Now, after racing 50,000 across kilometers of ocean, they are soon due home. While most of us have worked, slept, taken a holiday, these crews have sailed and sailed, day after day, night after night, in weather conditions that would test any human. This is the reality of ocean yacht racing, which bears little resemblance to the popular image of sailing - the quick sprint around a lake before returning ashore for a meal and a warm bath.

Paragraph 2: 

Racing 20-metre yachts around the world is a story of unrelenting hard work, pushing yourself to the limits of endurance. But it is also a story of the vastness and beauty of the sea, of seeing the sun rise and set on hundreds of desolate horizons, and of the supreme satisfaction of arriving somewhere knowing that wind alone has taken you there.

XI. You are going to read an article about a sailing race. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A - H for each paragraph from 1 – 5 of the article. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. There has been an example for you.  

          EX:      Paragraph 0: D

A. The consequences of poor performance   E. Benefiting from the power of nature

B. An unexpectedly demanding way of life  F. Cooperating to overcome the power of nature

C. A solution that seems to work  G. It’s not what people think

D. The terrible consequences of making a mistake  H. No way out if you don’t like it

Paragraph 0: 

Imagine for a moment, spending the night on board of a large yacht, being roughly woken in the pitch dark and ordered on deck. Every so often you will be totally drenched, very suddenly, in salt water. You will be sharing the same cramped space with 14 other people for a whole year. Your stomach, when not affected by seasickness, will be hit by the competitive tension and nervousness that afflicts all sportspeople. You will be obliged to concentrate without cease. The slightest loss of focus could cost someone their life.

Paragraph 1: 

For the eight crews taking part in the Round-the-world yachting race, this has been daily life since they left Britain eleven months ago. Now, after racing 50,000 across kilometers of ocean, they are soon due home. While most of us have worked, slept, taken a holiday, these crews have sailed and sailed, day after day, night after night, in weather conditions that would test any human. This is the reality of ocean yacht racing, which bears little resemblance to the popular image of sailing - the quick sprint around a lake before returning ashore for a meal and a warm bath.

Paragraph 2: 

Racing 20-metre yachts around the world is a story of unrelenting hard work, pushing yourself to the limits of endurance. But it is also a story of the vastness and beauty of the sea, of seeing the sun rise and set on hundreds of desolate horizons, and of the supreme satisfaction of arriving somewhere knowing that wind alone has taken you there.

Paragraph 3: 

Unlike the captains, who are professional sailors, the crews all consist of amateur volunteers who have actually paid for the privilege of taking a year off from their work and enduring these difficult conditions. On board London Light the ages range from 21 to 65. For the youngest member, Susan Porter, the trip is about the excitement of both the racing and the elements “Being able to pitch yourselves as a team against a storm gives you a huge sense of achievement”, she says

Paragraph 4: 

Jerry Wallace, a marketing director, found sailing a refreshing change from the selfish individualism of business. Although he was prepared for the discomfort, the mental stress of long distance racing was not what he has anticipated, “A grand Prix driver has a few hours of focus, a footballer 90 minutes, but we have been racing for 11 months. This is something I didn’t really appreciate before I start.”

Paragraph 5: 

Inevitably, there are tensions. The kind of people who choose to take part in races like this tend to motivated and strong-willed. On a trivial level, there are the usual arguments about things like cleaning, tidying, personal hygiene, even the way people snore. Row on a boat must be addressed immediately. Left to develop, they get much worse. On London Light they have done this by having a meeting where problems can be discussed and resolved by majority vote. Cooperation is the key, and everyone can have their say. The London is one of the few boats that has never lost any crew early because of a personality clash.

You are going to read an article about instant messaging, a way of communicating using the internet. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A – F for each part (1-6) of the article.  There is an example at the beginning (1).

CHAT WITH FRIENDS IN AN INSTANT (by Chris Toney)

A. Ways to communicate.       D. Speed and flexibility.

B. Getting started.                   E. Communicating with friends online.

C. Choose your category.        F. Long – distance solution.

1. D

Instant messaging –or IM- is more immediate than e-mail as you don’t have to check your inbox for new messages – they appear instantly. Another advantage is that more than two people at a time can join in an IM conversation, so it’s ideal for, say, making social arrangements among groups of friends.

2.

Communication by IM isn’t restricted to text. You can send pictures stored on your computer, and if you have microphones and speakers you can talk – the advantage being that internet charges are usually cheaper than phone calls. If you and a friend have webcams, you can also make a video call, in which you can see as well as hear each other.

3.

John Moran, 13, from Southport uses instant messaging to keep in touch with relatives more often”. Carol Taylor, 24, who lives in Argentina, agrees. “My parents live in the UK, and we prefer using an instant messengers to sending email or text messages as it’s more like a real on the other side of the world. “When I go online I swap messages with my cousins in Australia”, says John. It’s much cheaper than phoning them and means I can speak to them conversation”, she says. “I’d rather chat online than call them as it costs so much less”.

4.

The fist step in using IM is to download a piece of software from one of the websites that offer the service. If you already have friends who use IM, find out which program they have. It’s free, doesn’t take long to download and the only costs you face are the standard call charges while you’re on line.

5. 

Once you’ve installed this software and connected to the Internet you can start exchanging messages with your friends online. Each user of the service has their own user name. If you find out the user name of people you know, you can create a friend lists. Then, when you go on line, the software tells you which of them are also connected to the Internet, and you can send them a message.

6.

The features on offer vary depending on which service you opt for, although there is not much difference between instant messenger packages. As well as allowing you to use microphones and webcams, most give you a range of options regarding your status. You can usually appear as “online”, “busy” or “away from PC”. The “busy” status is useful if you’re online but don’t want to be disturbed. The “away from PC” status is usually used by those who are permanently online (people who have broadband or an office connection) but aren’t always at their computer.

You are going to read an article about a sailing race. Choose the most

suitable heading from the list A - H for each paragraph from 1 – 5 of the article. There

are two extra headings which you do not need to use. There has been an example for you.  (10 pts)

          EX:      Paragraph 0: D

Paragraph 0:         D

Imagine for a moment, spending the night on board of a large yacht, being roughly woken in the pitch dark and ordered on deck. Every so often you will be totally drenched, very suddenly, in salt water. You will be sharing the same cramped space with 14 other people for a whole year. Your stomach, when not affected by seasickness, will be hit by the competitive tension and nervousness that afflicts all sportspeople. You will be obliged to concentrate without cease. The slightest loss of focus could cost someone their life.

Paragraph 1:

For the eight crews taking part in the Round-the-world yachting race, this has been daily life since they left Britain eleven months ago. Now, after racing 50,000 across kilometers of ocean, they are soon due home. While most of us have worked, slept, taken a holiday, these crews have sailed and sailed, day after day, night after night, in weather conditions that would test any human. This is the reality of ocean yacht racing, which bears little resemblance to the popular image of sailing - the quick sprint around a lake before returning ashore for a meal and a warm bath.

Paragraph 2:

Racing 20-metre yachts around the world is a story of unrelenting hard work, pushing yourself to the limits of endurance. But it is also a story of the vastness and beauty of the sea, of seeing the sun rise and set on hundreds of desolate horizons, and of the supreme satisfaction of arriving somewhere knowing that wind alone has taken you there.

Paragraph 3:

Unlike the captains, who are professional sailors, the crews all consist of amateur volunteers who have actually paid for the privilege of taking a year off from their work and enduring these difficult conditions. On board London Light the ages range from 21 to 65. For the youngest member, Susan Porter, the trip is about the excitement of both the racing and the elements “Being able to pitch yourselves as a team against a storm gives you a huge sense of achievement”, she says

Paragraph 4:

Jerry Wallace, a marketing director, found sailing a refreshing change from the selfish individualism of business. Although he was prepared for the discomfort, the mental stress of long distance racing was not what he has anticipated, “A grand Prix driver has a few hours of focus, a footballer 90 minutes, but we have been racing for 11 months. This is something I didn’t really appreciate before I start.”

Paragraph 5:

Inevitably, there are tensions. The kind of people who choose to take part in races like this tend to motivated and strong-willed. On a trivial level, there are the usual arguments about things like cleaning, tidying, personal hygiene, even the way people snore. Row on a boat must be addressed immediately. Left to develop, they get much worse. On London Light they have done this by having a meeting where problems can be discussed and resolved by majority vote. Cooperation is the key, and everyone can have their say. The London is one of the few boats that has never lost any crew early because of a personality clash.

IV. Read the following passage and choose the most suitable from A to G on the list and write it in each gap from 1 to 5. Write your answers in the correspondent numbered boxes. (10 pts)

STAYING HEALTHY IN SPACE
The range of foods available to astronauts is vast, and great care is taken to ensure that it looks and smells appetizing. Meals are organized to provide an average of 3,000 calories a day, which seems high for living in an enclosed environment in which there is no gravity. But astronauts can expend a great deal of energy in doing the simplest things. For example, if they try to turn a handle, they turn themselves as well. If they bend down to do up a shoelace, (1) ________. Finding unusual ways of doing such ordinary things uses up the excess calories. The space diet is balanced rather differently from a terrestrial diet. This is to try and compensate for changes that take place in the body during space flight. Bodily changes begin as soon as astronauts go into space (2) _______________Among the most serious is calcium loss, which causes a marked reduction in the mass and strength of bones. There is also a progressive loss of red blood cells. What causes these effects is not known, (3)  ______________ The heart muscles, with no gravity to battle against, start to waste away. The leg muscles start to waste away too, since walking, as done on Earth, (4) _______________ Exercise also helps to reduce muscle wastage (5) _____________ No one yet knows the limit of human endurance in space. If astronauts can withstand two years or more of continuous weightlessness, the mankind’s dream of visiting other planets could become reality in the early decades of the next century.
A. can only be done if astronauts put on their heavy spacesuits
B. and will never be known
C. which is rather more than astronauts really need
D. and are quite noticeable after even a week
E. they start turning somersaults
F. and is vital on very long flights
G. and the question must be answered before long-duration space-flight is really safe

Part II: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentence from the list A - H  for each gap from 1 - 5. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. Write your answer in the space provided. (0) has been done as an example. (2,5 points)
      The Sahara’s meager resources are being plundered right to the present day. This is shown most clearly in the dramatic fall in the region’s precious water reserves. The rock is of a type which hinders easy underground storage so the water supply depends on rainfall. (0)        B      . However, the seriousness of the situation goes far beyond mere seasonal changes.
There’s one district where observations go back at least 125 years. Here it is known that wells of the balance beam type were once used in cultivated areas. This way of drawing water is intended for the irrigation of gardens and small plots and works only if there’s water not more than about five metres below the surface.
(1) ______. They have all been replaced by wells from which the water has to be raised by draught animals, because it is now 25 metres down. (2) ______.
In a classic example of a vicious circle, shortage of water has led to the digging of more wells to save the flocks and birds. As these have been deepened the water supply has been further depleted. (3) ______.
The Air region was once regarded as the Switzerland of Africa because of its temperate climate. (4) ______. Nowadays, though, there are only a third of the palms which existed there at the turn of the century. The amount of wildlife has shown a proportionate fall. (5) ______. This is highly dangerous in a world where the overall population is growing rapidly. We cannot afford to lose fertile land.
A. So, too, has the number of human beings who can now survive in the area.
B. This being so, it is easy to understand why it varies.
C. Today, though, not one well of this type exists.
D. This has resulted in soil erosion which then dries out the land still further.
E. Here, then, the water level has evidently dropped by 20 metres in little over a century.
F. It was criss-crossed by valleys filled with palm trees and was thronged with wildlife.
G. Such are conditions in the Sahara Desert in recent times.

Part II: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentence from the list A - H  for each gap from 1 - 5. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. Write your answer in the space provided. (0) has been done as an example. (2,5 points)
      A.  For example, in the 1950s, young people around the world dressed like Elvis Presley.
      B.  They usually like the same type of music and wear the same style of clothing.
      C.  The truth is most people don’t want to look unfashionable.
      D.  The British Queen Elizabeth was famous for her fashionable clothes.
      E.  However, it can also explain what you think.
      F.  The French King Louis XIV was famous for his elegant style.
      G.  Some people say they don’t care what they wear.
      H.  Fashion is the most important thing that young people think of every day.
THE POWER OF FASHION
Fashion is something we think about every day. (0) __G____But they still choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel.(1) ______ They want to wear up-to-date clothes that make them feel good. The problem is fashion is always changing.
During the eighteenth century, Paris was the centre of the fashion industry and, like today, the fashions changed. (2) ______ He wanted other countries to know about Paris fashions, so he sent fashion dolls to Europe. Dressmakers could then copy the clothes, footwear and hats on the dolls.
In recent years, music, films, videos, books and TV have all influenced what people wear. (3) ___________ Then in the 1990s, hip hop was very popular and young people dressed in baggy trousers and hooded tops and boots. Ray-Ban sold thousands of pairs of sunglasses after Will Smith wore them in the film Men In Black. If he’d worn a different type of sunglasses, they would have become popular instead.
Young people often choose their clothes in order to be part of a group. The members of the group have the same interests, and have names such as goths, skaters or rappers. (4) ______If a young person is a goth, for example, they wear black clothes. If somebody is a rapper, they often wear baggy jeans and lots of jewellery.
Style can show what kind of music you like, or what group you belong to. (5) ______ In the 1970s, people wore badges to show what they thought about important issues. In the 1990s, Katherine Hamnett, a top British fashion designer, became popular when her T-shirts with messages such as ‘Preserve the rainforests’ were worn by different rock bands. In 2005, people at the Live 8 concerts wore white wrist-bands with the message ‘Make poverty history’.

IX. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading (1-5) for each paragraph (A-E).(5 pts)

A. One flavorous dish

B. Food culture of Central Viet Nam

C. Food and a lot of spices

D. Popular dishes from the North of Viet Nam

E. Natural features and food

1 _______

Vietnamese food culture varies by regions from the north to the south. In Northern Vietnam, food is characterized by light and balanced. Northern Vietnam is seen to be the cradle of Vietnamese cuisine with many notable dishes like Pho, Bun Rieu, Bun Thang, Bun Cha, BanhCuon, etc. Then, food culture in Northern Vietnam became popular in Central and Southern Vietnam with suitable flavors in each region.

2. ______

The regional cuisine of Central Vietnam is famous for its spicy food. Hue cuisine is typical Central Vietnam’s food culture. Food in the region is often used with chili peppers and shrimp sauces, namely, Bun Bo Hue, BanhKhoai, BanhBeo, etc.

3 _______

In Southern Vietnam, the warm weather and fertile soil create an ideal condition for planting a variety of fruit, vegetables and livestock.

4. _______

Thus, food in this region is often added with garlic, shallots and fresh herbs. Particularly, Southerners are favored of sugar; they add sugar in almost dishes. Some signature dishes from Southern Vietnam include BanhKhot and Bun Mam.

5. _______

Local broken rice dish (Com tam) can practically be found on every street in Saigon. A broken rice dish is served with many beautiful colours from grilled pork chop with multi-flavour to steamed egg, shredded pork skin, pickles, vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers ... and especially sweet fish sauce that is the spirit of the dish.

Read the passage below. For each paragraph, choose the most suitable heading from the list which follows. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.

PROCESSED FOOD
A. Not all doctors agree.
B. Adequate nourishment essential.
C. Additives disguise bad ingredients.
D. Diet to be fat-free, sugar-free.
E. Coffee increases risk of heart disease.
F. Tea and coffee bad for you.
G. Processed food may be bad for you.
H. Doctor's argument not logical.

1. ..........................
After the cigarette manufacturers, it has become the turn of the food processors to suffer the attacks of those who would have us lead a healthy life. Sometimes you have the feeling that almost everything you eat is liable to damage your brain, clog your arteries, ulcerate your stomach, or impact your intestine. On the other hand, it is certainly true that there is nothing like reading the list of ingredients on the back of a cereal packet or a pot of jam to put you off your breakfast.
2. ..........................
One dietician writes of pork pies as follows: "People wouldn't buy a pork pie if chemicals had not been designed into them. A pork pie can contain as much as 50 per cent of highly saturated fat which is bad for the heart and arteries. A perfectly good pork pie could be made from reasonable ingredients but it is cheaper to make it with additives because less meat is then needed. The additives in the pie do little harm in themselves. The fat is made acceptable by a perfectly safe emulsifier. Added colour makes the fat look like meat. The additives in it deceive our senses and persuade us to eat too much fat. Even if the additives themselves are considered to be relatively safe, the nutritional consequences are appalling."
3. ..........................
Since a study by Johns Hopkins Medical Centre, Baltimore, in the mid-eighties, coffee has been on everyone's blacklist. According to the study: "Regardless of the measure of coffee consumption used, analyses found that heavy coffee drinkers were almost three times more likely to have coronary disease than were non-drinkers. Even one or two cups of coffee a day appear to be associated with a small extra risk of heart disease - a one-third increase over non-drinkers." The one piece of good news appears to be that the risk decreases rapidly once a person stops drinking coffee.
4. ..........................
Few arguments create greater passion among medical experts than the supposed link between diet and heart disease. Some doctors, however, refuse to accept any connection between the two. They have argued that diets which cut back on dairy produce, although unlikely to cause physical harm, could lead to malnutrition, particularly among children. They are appalled that breakfast, that traditional British meal, should be under attack by the spectre of disease. Come between some doctors and their bacon and eggs and feelings will run high.
5. ..........................
The nutritionists have fought back. They remain convinced that sugary, fatty foods lead to preventable ill health. One doctor argues that a fibre-rich diet is only of use to those who suffer from diabetes. Rubbish, say the nutritionists, and go on to point out that "over one third of British adults are constipated. At least one in seven takes laxatives. And dietary fibre is of proven value in the treatment of constipation."
6. ..........................
Yet another doctor argues that dental decay should really be seen as a disease which results from a lack of fluoride. What we need to do is clean our teeth like crazy, have them coated with sealants, and take fluorides daily. The nutritionist blasts back by pointing out that you might as well say that headaches are caused by a lack of aspirin.
7. ..........................
What we do know is that nutrition does affect health. Too little food and too much food are both bad for you. In Britain, poor boys tend to be two inches shorter on average than rich boys.