\(x^3-xy+1=2y-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+x+1=xy+2y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+x+1=y\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{x^3+x+1}{x+2}\)

-Vì \(x,y\) là các số nguyên nên:

\(\left(x^3+x+1\right)⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^3+2x^2-2x^2-4x+5x+10-9\right)⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[x^2\left(x+2\right)-2x\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x+2\right)-9\right]⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+5\right)-9\right]⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

-Vì \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+5\right)⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow9⋮\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\in\left\{1;3;9;-1;-3;-9\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;1;7;-3;-5;-11\right\}\) (tmđk)

*Với \(x=-1\) thì \(y=\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^3+\left(-1\right)+1}{\left(-1\right)+2}=-1\) (tmđk)

*Với \(x=1\) thì \(y=\dfrac{1^3+1+1}{1+2}=1\)(tmđk)

*Với \(x=7\) thì \(y=\dfrac{7^3+7+1}{7+2}=39\)(tmđk)

*Với \(x=-3\) thì \(y=\dfrac{\left(-3\right)^3+\left(-3\right)+1}{\left(-3\right)+2}=29\)(tmđk)

*Với \(x=-5\) thì \(y=\dfrac{\left(-5\right)^3+\left(-5\right)+1}{\left(-5\right)+2}=43\)(tmđk)

*Với \(x=-11\) thì \(y=\dfrac{\left(-11\right)^3+\left(-11\right)+1}{\left(-11\right)+2}=149\)(tmđk)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(y+1\right)=1\)

TH1:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=1\\y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-1\\y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy (x;y) = (3;0); ( 1;-2)

\(xy+x-2y=\left(x-2\right)y+x=3\)

Trừ 2 vế đi 1 đơn vị , ta có

\(\left(x-2\right)y+\left(x-2\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(y+1\right)=1\)

\(x\left(y+1\right)=2y+3\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2y+3}{y+1}\left(y\ne-1\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2\left(y+1\right)+1}{y+1}=2+\frac{1}{y+1}\)

Để x nguyên thì y+1 phải là ước của 1

\(\Rightarrow y+1=\left\{-1;1\right\}\Rightarrow y=\left\{-2;0\right\}\)thay thế vào biểu thức tính x

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{1;3\right\}\)

Ta có các cặp \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;-2\right);\left(x,y\right)=\left(3;0\right)\)

Vì  \(x+y+z=2\)

Ta có  \(\sqrt{2x+yz}=\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x^2+xy\right)+\left(xz+yz\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)

\(\le\frac{x+y+x+z}{2}=\frac{2x+y+z}{2}\)

Tương tự  \(\sqrt{2y+zx}\le\frac{x+2y+z}{2}\)  và  \(\sqrt{2z+xy}\le\frac{x+y+2z}{2}\)

Do đó  \(P\le\frac{2x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+2y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+2z}{2}=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}=\frac{4.2}{2}=4\)

Vậy  \(P\le4\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra  \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=x+z\\y+x=y+z\\z+x=z+y\end{cases}}\)  và x+y+z=2   \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)