Ta có : \(x^2+y^2-2x+4y+1\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\)
\(A=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\in R\)
Nên : \(A=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\forall x,y\in R\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-4\) khi x = 1 và y = -2