\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+b-\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+c-\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+ab+b^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}=3ab\\b^2+bc+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{b^3c^3}=3bc\\c^2+ca+a^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{c^3a^3}=3ca\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{3}\\\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}\le\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{3bc}=\dfrac{b+c}{3}\\\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\le\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{3ca}=\dfrac{c+a}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\le\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
