Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k\\y=9k\\z=10k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=\dfrac{21}{217}\)
Trường hợp 1: \(k=\dfrac{\sqrt{93}}{31}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k=\dfrac{6\sqrt{93}}{31}\\y=9k=\dfrac{9\sqrt{93}}{31}\\z=10k=\dfrac{10\sqrt{93}}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2: \(k=-\dfrac{\sqrt{93}}{31}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6k=\dfrac{-6\sqrt{93}}{31}\\y=9k=\dfrac{-9\sqrt{93}}{31}\\z=10k=\dfrac{-10\sqrt{93}}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x^2}{36}=\dfrac{y^2}{81}=\dfrac{z^2}{100}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau
\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x^2}{36}=\dfrac{y^2}{81}=\dfrac{z^2}{100}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{217}=\dfrac{21}{217}=\dfrac{3}{31}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot6=\dfrac{18}{31}\\y=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot9=\dfrac{27}{31}\\z=\dfrac{3}{31}\cdot10=\dfrac{30}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
