a: \(x^2-4y^2=x^2-\left(2y\right)^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
b: \(9x^2-4=\left(3x\right)^2-2^2=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\)
c: \(16-y^2=4^2-y^2=\left(4-y\right)\left(4+y\right)\)
d: \(\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+2+y\right)\left(x+2-y\right)\)
e: \(x^3-8=x^3-2^3=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
f: \(27x^3-y^3=\left(3x\right)^3-y^3=\left(3x-y\right)\left(9x^2+3xy+y^2\right)\)