\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-8=0\\x^3+8=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\x^3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\Leftrightarrow4x-3-x-5=30-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-x+3x=30+5+3\\ \Leftrightarrow6x=38\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{19}{3}\)