a) \(=2x\left(x^2-16\right)=2x\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
b) \(=x\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x^2-y^2\right)=x\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+3x+3y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(4x+3y\right)\)
c) \(=\left(x-2y\right)^2-81=\left(x-2y-9\right)\left(x-2y+9\right)\)
d) \(=x\left(x-9\right)+8\left(x-9\right)=\left(x-9\right)\left(x+8\right)\)