\(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(125x^3-1\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^3-1^3\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(25x^2+5x+1\right)\)
\(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+\sqrt{3}y\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}y\right)\)
\(\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1-x-1\right)\left(2x-1+x+1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+4\right)^2-16x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)^2-\left(4x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4-4x\right)\left(x^2+4+4x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x+2\right)^2\)