\(a.\Leftrightarrow\frac{5x^2+16}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)}=\frac{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)+\left(3x-1\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)}DKXD:x\ne4;-4\)
\(\Rightarrow5x^2+16=2x^2-8x-x+4+3x^2+12x-x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
\(b.\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+1\right)\left(y+2\right)-5\left(y-2\right)}{\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\frac{12+\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}{\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}.DKXD:y\ne2;-2\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2+2y+y+2-5y+10=12+y^2-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2y=-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=2\)