y^3 - y^2 - 21y + 45 = 0
<=> y^3 - 3y^2 + 2y^2 - 6y - 15y + 45 = 0
<=> y^2(y - 3) + 2y(y - 3) - 15(y - 3) = 0
<=> (y^2 + 2y - 15)(y-3) = 0
<=> (y^2 + 5y - 3y - 15)(y - 3) = 0
<=> [y(y+5) - 3(y-5)](y-3) = 0
<=> (y-3)(y+5)(y-3) = 0
<=> y- 3 = 0 hoặc y + 5 = 0
<=> y = 3 hoặc y = -5