(1) \(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+H_2O\underrightarrow{^{t^o,xt}}C_6H_{12}O_6+C_6H_{12}O_6\)
(2) \(C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{^{t^o,xt}}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
(3) \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
(4) \(2CH_3COOH+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+2H_2O\)