a) \(\dfrac{9}{4}-3y+y^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-3y+y^2\)
\(=y^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot y+\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(y-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\)
b) \(x^3+6x^2y+12xy^2+8y^3\)
\(=x^3+6x^2y+12xy^2+\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=x^3+3\cdot x^2\cdot2y+3\cdot x\cdot\left(2y\right)^2+\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)^2\)