Ta có công thức tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{k}{n\cdot\left(n+k\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+k}\)
\(a,A=\dfrac{1}{5\cdot8}+\dfrac{1}{8\cdot11}+...+\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{3}{5\cdot8}+\dfrac{3}{8\cdot11}+...+\dfrac{3}{x\left(x+3\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{11}+...+\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+3}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{x+3}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{x-2}{5\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x-2}{15\left(x+3\right)}\)
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{101}{1540}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{15\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{101}{1540}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{x+3}=\dfrac{303}{308}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{x+3}=\dfrac{305-2}{305+3}\\ \Rightarrow x=305\)
