Question

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct

answer to each of the question.

If "suburb" means an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.

With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class 64whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.                                                                                                 

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century suburbanization?

A. Cheaper housing

B. Urban crowding 

C. The advent of an urban middle class 

D. The invention of the electric streetcar

Answer 1

Đáp án A

Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập trong đoạn văn là một yếu tố trong việc mở rộng ngoại ô thế kỷ XIX?

A. Nhà rẻ hơn

B. Đô thị đông đúc

C. Sự ra đời của một tầng lớp trung lưu thành thị

D. Những phát minh của xe điện

Căn cứ vào thông tin sau trong đoạn văn 2:

"With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.” ( Với sự thúc đẩy của tăng trưởng công nghiệp đã xuất hiện tình trạng đông đúc đó thị cấp tỉnh và kéo theo tình trạng căng thẳng xã hội bắt đầu đạt đến mức nghiêm trọng khi vào năm 1888, đường dây điện lưới đầu tiên được kéo thành công. Trong vài năm, những chiếc xe ngựa kéo đã lỗi thời và mạng Iưới xe điện chạy khắp nơi và kết nối mọi khu vực đô thị lớn, thúc đẩy một làn sóng mở rộng ngoại ô, biến thành phố công nghiệp nhỏ thành một đô thị phân tán. Giai đoạn ngoại ô quy mô lớn đầu tiên này được củng cố bởi sự xuất hiện đồng thời của tầng lớp trung lưu thành thị, những người mong muốn sở hữu nhà ở trong các khu vực xa nội thành đã được thỏa mãn bởi các nhà phát triển các khu nhà ở một gia đình.)