Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Lighthouses are towers with strong lights that help mariners plot their position, inform them that land is near, and warn them of dangerous rocks and reefs. They are placed at prominent points on the coast and on islands, reefs, and sandbars.
Every lighthouse has a distinctive pattern of light known as its characteristic. There are five basic characteristics: fixed, flashing, occulting, group flashing, and group occulting. A fixed signal is a steady beam. A flashing signal has periods of darkness longer than periods of light, while an occulting signal’s periods of light are longer. A group-flashing light gives off two or more flashes at regular intervals, and a group - occulting signal consists of a fixed light with two or more periods of darkness at regular intervals. Some lighthouses use lights of different colors as well, and today, most lighthouses are also equipped with radio beacons. The three types of apparatus used to produce the signals are the catoptric, in which metal is used to reflect the light; the dioptric, in which glass is used; and the catadioptric, in which both glass and metal are used.
In the daytime, lighthouses can usually be identified by their structure alone. The most typical structure is a tower tapering at the top, but some, such as the Bastion Lighthouse on the Saint Lawrence River, are shaped like pyramids, and others, such as the Race Rock light, look like wooden houses sitting on high platforms. Still others, such as The American Shoal lighthouse off the Florida Coast, are skeletal towers of steel. Where lighthouses might be contused in daylight, they can be distinguished by day- marker patterns - designed of checks and stripes painted in vivid colors on lighthouse walls.
In the past, the job of lighthouse keeper was lonely and difficult if somewhat romantic. Lighthouse keepers put in hours of tedious work maintaining the lights. Today, lighthouses are almost entirely automated with humans supplying only occasional maintenance. Because of improvements in navigational technology, the importance of lighthouses has diminished. There are only about 340 functioning lighthouses in existence in the United States today, compared to about 1,500 in 1900, and there are only about 1,400 functioning lighthouses outside the United States. Some decommissioned lighthouses have been preserved as historical monument.
For which of the following does the author NOT provide a scientific example in the third paragraph?
A. A lighthouse shaped like a pyramid.
B. A lighthouse made of steel
C. A lighthouse with day-marker patterns.
D. A lighthouse that resembles a house on a platform.
Đáp án C.
Key words: not, scientific example, third paragraph
Clue: The most typical structure is a tower tapering at the top, but some, such as the Bastion Lighthouse on the Saint Lawrence River, are shaped like pyramids, and others, such as the Race Rock light, look like wooden houses sitting on high platforms. Still others, such as The American Shoal lighthouse off the Florida Coast, are skeletal of steel: Cấu trúc điển hình nhất là tháp nhọn trên đỉnh, nhưng một vài ngọn hải đăng như ngọn Bastion trên sông Saint Lawrence có hình dạng như kim tự tháp, và những ngọn khác như ngọn Race Rock thì trông như ngôi nhà gỗ nằm trên nền đất cao. Ngoài ra còn có những ngọn hải đăng như ngọn America Shoal trên bờ biển Florida thì như bộ xương bằng thép.
→ Đáp án là C. A lighthouse with day-marker patterns: một ngọn hải đăng với mẫu vẽ đánh dấu ngày Các đáp án còn lại đều có ví dụ cụ thể:
A. A lighthouse shaped like a pyramid: một ngọn hải đăng có hình dạng như kim tự tháp
B. A lighthouse made of steel: một ngọn hải đăng làm từ thép
D. A lighthouse that resembles a house on a platform: một ngọn hải đăng giống như ngôi nhà trên nền đất