Question

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        Lighthouses are towers with strong lights that help mariners plot their position, inform them that land is near, and warn them of dangerous rocks and reefs. They are placed at prominent points on the coast and on islands, reefs, and sandbars.

       Every lighthouse has a distinctive pattern of light known as its characteristic. There are five basic characteristics: fixed, flashing, occulting, group flashing, and group occulting. A fixed signal is a steady beam. A flashing signal has periods of darkness longer than periods of light, while an occulting signal’s periods of light are longer. A group-flashing light gives off two or more flashes at regular intervals, and a group - occulting signal consists of a fixed light with two or more periods of darkness at regular intervals. Some lighthouses use lights of different colors as well, and today, most lighthouses are also equipped with radio beacons. The three types of apparatus used to produce the signals are the catoptric, in which metal is used to reflect the light; the dioptric, in which glass is used; and the catadioptric, in which both glass and metal are used.

        In the daytime, lighthouses can usually be identified by their structure alone. The most typical structure is a tower tapering at the top, but some, such as the Bastion Lighthouse on the Saint Lawrence River, are shaped like pyramids, and others, such as the Race Rock light, look like wooden houses sitting on high platforms. Still others, such as The American Shoal lighthouse off the Florida Coast, are skeletal towers of steel. Where lighthouses might be contused in daylight, they can be distinguished by day- marker patterns - designed of checks and stripes painted in vivid colors on lighthouse walls.

       In the past, the job of lighthouse keeper was lonely and difficult if somewhat romantic. Lighthouse keepers put in hours of tedious work maintaining the lights. Today, lighthouses are almost entirely automated with humans supplying only occasional maintenance. Because of improvements in navigational technology, the importance of lighthouses has diminished. There are only about 340 functioning lighthouses in existence in the United States today, compared to about 1,500 in 1900, and there are only about 1,400 functioning lighthouses outside the United States. Some decommissioned lighthouses have been preserved as historical monument.

The author implies that, compared to those of the past, contemporary lighthouses______.

A. employ more powerful lights

B. require less maintenance

C. are more difficult to operate

D. are more romantic

Answer 1

Đáp án B.

Key words: compared, past, contemporary lighthouses

Clue: Lighthouse keepers put in hours of tedious work maintaining the lights. Today, lighthouses are almost entirely automated with humans supplying only occasional maintenance: Những người canh giữ ngọn hải đăng từng phải dành nhiều thời gian để làm công việc tẻ nhạt là duy trì ánh sáng. Ngày nay, những ngọn hải đăng gần như hoàn toàn tự động và chỉ đôi khi mới cần con người bảo trì.

A. employ more powerful lights: cần nhiều ánh sáng mạnh hơn

B. require less maintenance: yêu cầu ít sự bảo trì hơn

C. are more difficult to operate: khó vận hành hơn

D. are more romantic: lãng mạn hơn

Vậy đáp án chính xác là B