* Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Political and economic reforms launched in 1986 have transformed the country from one of the poorest in the world, with per capita income around US $100, to lower middle income status within a quarter of a century with per capita income of around US $2,100 by the end of 2015.
Vietnam’s per capita GDP growth since 1990 has been among the fastest in the world, averaging 5.5 percent a year since 1990, and 6.4 percent per year in the 2000s. Vietnam’s economy continued to strengthen in 2015, with estimated GDP growth rate of 6.7 percent for the whole year.
The Vietnamese population is also better educated and has a higher life expectancy than most countries with a similar per capita income. The maternal mortality ratio has dropped below the upper-middle-income country average, while under-five mortality rate has fallen by half, to a rate slightly above that average. Access to basic infrastructure has also improved substantially. Electricity is now available to almost all households, up from less than half in 1993. Access to clean water and modem sanitation has risen from less than 50 percent of all households to more than 75 percent.
Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) 2011-2020 gives attention to structural reforms, environmental sustainability, social equity, and emerging issues of macroeconomic stability. It defines three "breakthrough areas": promoting human resources/skills development (particularly skills for modem industry and innovation), improving market institutions, and infrastructure development.
In addition, the five-year Socio-Economic Development Plan 2011-2015 focused on three critical restructuring areas - the banking sector, state-owned enterprises and public investment - that are needed to achieve these objectives. The recent draft of the SEDP 2016-2020 acknowledges the slow progress of the reform priorities of the SEDP 2011-2015.
With agriculture still accounting for almost half the labour force, and with significantly lower labour productivity than in the industry and services sectors, future gains from structural transformation could be substantial. The transformation from state to private ownership of the economy is even less advanced. The state also wields too much influence in allocating land and capital, giving rise to heavy economy wide inefficiencies. So, adjusting the role of the state to support a competitive private sector-led market economy remains a major opportunity. This will be important for enhancing productivity growth which has been stagnating for a long time.
(Adapted from http://ida. world bank, org/results/country/vietnam)
Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as an example of development in Vietnam?
A. The small number of people dead after birth
B. The larger number of people educated abroad
C. The improved access to cleanliness
D. The wide availability of electricity
Chọn B Câu đề bài: Đáp án nào, dưới đây không được coi là một thí dụ của sự tăng trưởng ở Việt Nam?
A. Số lượng trẻ mới sinh mất sớm nhỏ.
B. Số lượng người được giáo dục ở nước ngoài tăng.
C. Sự tiếp cận nguồn nước sạch tốt hơn
D. Nguồn cung cấp điện dồi dào
Thông tin trong bài:
The Vietnamese population is also better educated and has a higher life expectancy than most countries with a similar per capita income. The maternal mortality ratio has dropped below the upper-middle-income country average, while under-five mortality rate has fallen by half, to a rate slightly above that average. Access to basic infrastructure has also improved suhstantially. Electricity is now available to almost all households, up from less than half in 1993. Access to clean water and modern sanitation has risen from ỉess than 50 percent of all households to more than 75 percent.
—» Người dân Việt Nam giờ cũng đã có được giáo dục tốt hơn và có tuổi thọ cao hơn hầu hết các nước có thu nhập bình quân đầu người tương đương. Tỉ lệ người mẹ tử vong khi sinh đã giảm xuống thấp hơn trung bình của các nước có thu nhập trên trung bình trong khi tỉ lệ tử vong của trẻ dưới 5 tuổi đã giảm đến một nửa, đến một tỉ lệ chỉ cao hơn trung bình một chút. Sự tiếp cận đến các cơ sở vật chất cơ bản cũng đã cải thiện đáng kể. Điện giờ đây đã đến với hầu hết các hộ gia đình, tăng lên từ mức một nửa của nó vào năm 1993 trước đó. Sự tiếp cận nước sạch và vệ sinh hiện đại đã tăng từ ít hôm 50% các hộ gia đình lên đến hôm 75%.