Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Fish that live on the sea bottom benefit by being flat and hugging the contours. There are two very different types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways. The skates and rays, relatives of the sharks, have become flat in what might be called the obvious way. Their bodies have grown out sideways to form great “wings”. They look as though they have been flattened but have remained symmetrical and “the right way up”. Conversely, fish such as plaice, sole, and halibut have become flat in a different way. There are bony fish which have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction; they are much “taller” then they are wide. They use their whole, vertically flattened bodies as swimming surfaces, which undulate through the water as they move. Therefore, when their ancestors migrated to the seabed, they lay on one side than on their bellies. However, this raises the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless – In evolution this problem was solved by the lower eye “moving” around the other side. We see this process of moving around enacted in the development of every young bony flatfish. It starts life swimming near the surface, and is symmetrical and vertically flattened, but then the skull starts to grow in a strange asymmetrical twisted fashion, so that one eye, for instance the left, moves over the top of the head upwards, and old Picasso – like vision. Incidentally, some species of 20 flatfish settle on the right side, others on the left, and others on either side.
Question 37:
A. symmetrical flatfish
B. bony flatfish
C. evolution of flatfish
D. different types of flatfish
Đáp án C.
Key words: mainly concerned.
Clue: Ta chú ý đến những từ hay xuất hiện trong bài và những chi tiết đưa ra nhằm hướng tới một nội dung chính nào đó.
1. “There are two very different types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways”: Có hai loài cá dẹt và chúng tiến hóa theo các con đường khác nhau.
2. “In evolution this problem was solved…”: Trong quá trình tiến hóa, vấn đề này đã được giải quyết.
Ngoài ra từ “flatfish” cũng xuất hiện nhiều lần trong bài và bài khóa đề cập đến những vấn đề thích nghi của loài cá này trong quá trình tiến hóa. Vậy đáp án là C. evolution of flatfish: sự tiến hóa của cá dẹt
| MEMORIZE - evolution (n): sự tiến hóa - evolutionism (n): thuyết tiến hóa - evolve (v): tiến triển, tiến hóa |