Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the question from 43 to 50.
ACID DUST
“ Calcite- containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle – calcium nitrate , ” said Alexander Laskin, a senior research scientist at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington .These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles . Due to this, climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry. Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel, where scientists collected particles for analysis.
Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai,and southern Israel. The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo.They analyzed nearly 2,00 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Sciences Laboratory.
A key change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they begin to absorb water and retain the moisture .These wet particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going , a new wild card to deal with . Companion studies of dust samples from the Sahara and the Saudi coast and loess from China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral , the more reactive they are in with nitric acid .And once the particle is changed , it stays that way.
“When dust storms kick up these particles and they enter polluted areas , the particles change ,” Laskin said . “To what extent this is happening globally, as more of the world becomes industrialized , we don’t know . But now we have the laboratory and field evidence that shows it is definitely happening . The story is much more complicated than anybody thought .”
What is the main idea of the passage ?
A. There is a new particle called calcium nitrate
B. Factories are polluting the environment
C. Climate models have to be updated because of the new particle calcium nitrate
D. Calcium nitrate has chemical properties different from other dust particles
Đáp án là C
Nội dung chính của bài đọc là gì?
A. Có một phân tử mới được gọi là natri nitrat.
B. Các nhà máy đang làm ô nhiễm môi trường.
C. Các mô hình khí hậu phải được cập nhật bởi vì phân tử mới natri nitrat.
D. Natri nitrat có đặc điểm hóa học khác so với các phân tử bụi khác.
Dẫn chứng:
“ Calcite- containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle – calcium nitrate , ”
These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles . Due to this, climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry