a) x^2 - 5xy +4y^2= x^2 -xy -4xy+4y^2= (x^2-xy) - (4xy - 4y^2)= x(x-y)-4y(x-y)=(x-y)*(x - 4y)
b) x^2 -y^4+9y -x(9+y-y^3= x^2-y^4 +9y-9x-xy+xy^3= (x^2-xy)-(9x-9y)+(xy^3-y^4)=x(x-y)-9(x-y)+y^3(x-y)=(x-y)*(y^3+x-9)
d) 2u^2+2v^2-5uv=(2u^2-4uv)+(2v^2-uv)=2u(u-2v)+v(2v-u)= 2u(u-2v)-v(u-2v)=(u-2v)*(2u-v)