a) \(x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)+\left(2x-4y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)+2\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right).\left(x+2y+2\right)\)
b) \(x^4-6x^3+54x-81=\left(x^4-81\right)-\left(6x^3-54x\right)=\left(x^2-9\right)\left(x^2+9\right)-6x.\left(x^2-9\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-9\right).\left(x^2+9-6x\right)=\left(x+3\right).\left(x-3\right).\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(x+3\right).\left(x-3\right)^3\)
c) \(ax^2+ax-bx^2-bx-a+b=\left(ax^2-bx^2\right)+\left(ax-bx\right)-\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=x^2.\left(a-b\right)+x.\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right).\left(x^2+x-1\right)\)
d) \(\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)^2-\left(2xy-2\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2-2+2xy-2\right).\left(x^2+y^2-2-2xy+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-4\right).\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-4\right].\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+2\right).\left(x+y-2\right).\left(x-y\right)^2\)
