a) \(=\left(2x-1\right)^2\)
b) \(=x\left(y^2-x^2+2x-1\right)=x\left[y^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]=x\left(y-x+1\right)\left(y+x-1\right)\)
a. \(4x^2-4x+1=\left(2x\right)^2-2x.2.1+1^2=\left(2x-1\right)^2\)
b. \(xy^2-x^3+2x^2-x=x\left(y^2-x^2+2x-1\right)=x\left[y^2-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\right]=x\left[y^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]=x\left(y-x+1\right)\left(y+x-1\right)\)