Hướng dẫn:
Ta có:
\(x^2-xy+y^2=2x-3y-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2xy+2y^2-4x+6y+4+9=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=9\)
Xét....
Đây là 1 cách nhưng làm hơi dài.
\(x^2-xy+y^2=2x-3y-2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-xy+y^2-2x+3y+2=0\left(1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(y+2\right)+y^2+3y+2=0\)
Coi đây là pt bậc 2 ẩn x
Ta có: \(\Delta=\left[-\left(y+2\right)\right]^2-4\left(y^2+3y+2\right)=y^2+4y+4-4y^2-12y-8=-3y^2-8y-4\)
Để pt có nghiệm nguyên thì \(\Delta\ge0\Leftrightarrow-3y^2-8y-4\ge0\Leftrightarrow-2\le y\le-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\in\left\{-2;-1\right\}\)
Thay y=-2 vào (1) ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2-x.\left(-2\right)+\left(-2\right)^2-2x+3.\left(-2\right)+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+4-2x-6+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
Thay y=-1 vào pt ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2-x.\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)^2-2x+3.\left(-1\right)+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1-2x-3+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-2\right);\left(0;-1\right);\left(1;-1\right)\right\}\)
