Đặt A=\(n^4-n^2\)
\(=n^2\left(n^2-1\right)\)
\(=n^2\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\)
\(=n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\cdot n\)
Vì \(n;n-1;n+1\) là ba số nguyên liên tiếp
nên \(n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)⋮3!=6\)
=>\(A=n\cdot n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)⋮6\)
=>\(A=n^4-n^2⋮12\)
TH1: n=2k
\(A=n\left(n-1\right)\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot n\)
\(=2k\cdot n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\)
\(n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)⋮6\)
=>\(2n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)⋮2\cdot6=12\)
=>\(A⋮12\)(1)
TH2: n=2k+1
\(A=n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\cdot n\)
\(=\left(2k+1\right)\left(2k+1-1\right)\left(2k+1+1\right)\cdot\left(2k+1\right)\)
\(=2k\left(2k+1\right)\left(2k+2\right)\cdot\left(2k+1\right)\)
\(=4k\left(2k+1\right)\left(k+1\right)\cdot\left(2k+1\right)\)
Vì k;k+1 là hai số nguyên liên tiếp
nên \(k\left(k+1\right)⋮2\)
=>\(4k\left(k+1\right)⋮4\cdot2=8\)
=>\(A=4k\left(2k+1\right)\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)⋮8\)
mà \(A⋮6\)
nên \(A⋮BCNN\left(6;8\right)=24\)
=>A chia hết cho 12(2)
Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(A⋮12\forall n\in N\)
