*) A = 21⁹ + 21⁸ + 21⁷ + ... + 21 + 1
= (21⁹ + 21⁸) + (21⁷ + 21⁶) + ... + (21 + 1)
= 21⁸.(21 + 1) + 21⁶.(21 + 1) + ... + 22
= 21⁸.22 + 21⁶.22 + ... + 22
= 22.(21⁸ + 21⁶ + ... + 1)
= 2.11.(21⁸ + 21⁶ + ... + 1) ⋮ 2
Vậy A ⋮ 2
*) A = 21⁹ + 21⁸ + 21⁷ + ... + 21 + 1
= (21⁹ + 21⁸ + 21⁷ + 21⁶ + 21⁵) + (21⁴ + 21³ + 21² + 21 + 1)
= 21⁵.(21⁴ + 21³ + 21² + 21 + 1) + 204205
= 21⁵.204205 + 204205
= 204205.(21⁵ + 1)
= 5.40841.(21⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5
Vậy A ⋮ 5