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Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(P\)\(\le\left[\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{ab+bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc+ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab+ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Do a+b+c=1 nên \(P=\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\frac{bc}{2a+b+c}+\frac{ac}{a+2b+c}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\le\frac{4}{a+b}\)hay \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\):
Ta có: \(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c_{ }}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{bc}{2a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ac}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{b+c}\right)\)
Do đó: P\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ac}{b+a}+\frac{ac}{b+c}\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ac}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}\right)\right]\)
=\(\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=1/3
