Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b^2+1}=\frac{a\left(b^2+1\right)-ab^2}{b^2+1}=a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\)
Nhận xét: a,b,c không âm nên theo BĐT Cô - si, ta có:
\(b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2.1}=2b\)
=> \(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\frac{ab^2}{2b}=\frac{ab}{2}\)
=> \(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b}{c^2+1}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\)
\(\frac{c}{a^2+1}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Vậy ta suy ra
\(M=\frac{a}{b^2+1}+\frac{b}{c^2+1}+\frac{c}{a^2+1}\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab}{2}-\frac{bc}{2}-\frac{ac}{2}\)
Mà a+b+c = 3 nên suy ra:
\(M\ge3-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ac}{2}\right)\)(1)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
<=> \(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
<=> \(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge3ab+3ac+3bc\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
<=> \(3^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
<=> \(ab+ac+bc\le3\)
<=> \(\frac{ab+ac+bc}{2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
<=> \(3-\frac{ab+ac+bc}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => \(M\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1