21.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}SA\perp AB\\AC\perp AB\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow AB\perp\left(SAC\right)\)
E là trung điểm SA, F là trung điểm SB \(\Rightarrow\) EF là đường trung bình tam giác SAB
\(\Rightarrow EF||AB\Rightarrow EF\perp\left(SAC\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow EF=d\left(F;\left(SEK\right)\right)\)
\(SE=\dfrac{1}{2}SA=\dfrac{3a}{2}\) ; \(EF=\dfrac{1}{2}AB=a\)
\(SC=\sqrt{SA^2+AC^2}=a\sqrt{13}\Rightarrow SK=\dfrac{2}{3}SC=\dfrac{2a\sqrt{13}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{SEK}=\dfrac{1}{2}SE.SK.sin\widehat{ASC}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3a}{2}.\dfrac{2a\sqrt{13}}{3}.\dfrac{2a}{a\sqrt{13}}=a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{S.EFK}=\dfrac{1}{3}EF.S_{SEK}=\dfrac{1}{3}.a.a^2=\dfrac{a^3}{3}\)
\(AB\perp\left(SAC\right)\Rightarrow AB\perp\left(SEK\right)\Rightarrow AB=d\left(B;\left(SEK\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{S.EBK}=\dfrac{1}{3}AB.S_{SEK}=\dfrac{1}{3}.2a.a^2=\dfrac{2a^3}{3}\)
22.
Gọi D là trung điểm AB
Do tam giác ABC đều \(\Rightarrow CD\perp AB\Rightarrow CD\perp\left(SAB\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow CD=d\left(C;\left(SAB\right)\right)\)
\(CD=\dfrac{AB\sqrt{3}}{2}=a\sqrt{3}\) (trung tuyến tam giác đều)
N là trung điểm SC \(\Rightarrow d\left(N;\left(SAB\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}d\left(C;\left(SAB\right)\right)=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(S_{SAB}=\dfrac{1}{2}SA.AB=a^2\sqrt{3}\) \(\Rightarrow S_{SAM}=\dfrac{1}{2}S_{SAB}=\dfrac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{SAMN}=\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}.\dfrac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{2}=\dfrac{a^3}{4}\)
Lại có:
\(V_{SABC}=\dfrac{1}{3}SA.S_{ABC}=\dfrac{1}{3}.a\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^2\sqrt{3}}{4}=a^3\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{A.BCMN}=V_{SABC}-V_{SANM}=\dfrac{3a^3}{4}\)
