`a,x^3 - 3x^2 + 1 - 3x`
`=x^3 + 1 - 3x^2 - 3x`
`=(x^3 + 1) - 3x(x+1)`
`=(x+1)(x^2 - x + 1) - 3x(x+1)`
`=(x+1)(x^2 - x + 1 - 3x)`
`=(x+1)(x^2 - 4x + 1)`
`b,x^2 + 4x - 2xy - 4y + y^2`
`=(x^2 -2xy + y^2) + (4x-4y)`
`=(x-y)^2 + 4(x-y)`
`=(x-y)(x-y+4)`
`c,3x^2 -6xy + 3y^2 - 12z^2`
`=3(x^2 -2xy +y^2 - 4z^2)`
`=3[(x-y)^2 - (2z)^2]`
`=3(x-y-2z)(x-y+2z)`
a: =x^3+1-3x^2-3x
=(x+1)(x^2-x+1)-3x(x+1)
=(x+1)(x^2-x+1-3x)
=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)
b: =x^2-2xy+y^2+4x-4y
=(x-y)^2+4(x-y)
=(x-y)(x-y+4)
c: =3(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2)
=3[(x-y)^2-4z^2]
=3(x-y-2z)(x-y+2z)
a: =x^3+1-3x^2-3x
=(x+1)(x^2-x+1)-3x(x+1)
=(x+1)(x^2-x+1-3x)
=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)
b: =x^2-2xy+y^2+4x-4y
=(x-y)^2+4(x-y)
=(x-y)(x-y+4)
c: =3(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2)
=3[(x-y)^2-4z^2]
=3(x-y-2z)(x-y+2z)