a/ \(a>b\Rightarrow a-b>0\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab+1}{a-b}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+9}{a-b}=a-b+\frac{9}{a-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)\frac{9}{a-b}}=6\Rightarrow P_{min}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>b\\ab=4\\\left(a-b\right)^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/
\(x\ge3y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}\ge3\)
\(A=\frac{4x^2+9y^2}{xy}=4\frac{x}{y}+9\frac{y}{x}=3\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{y}+9\frac{y}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge3\frac{x}{y}+2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{9y}{x}}\ge3.3+2.3=15\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=15\) khi \(x=3y\)