a) \(x^2+xy+y^2+1\)
\(=x^2+xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}-\dfrac{y^2}{4}+y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3y^2}{4}+1\)
mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2\ge0,\forall x;y\\\dfrac{3y^2}{4}\ge0,\forall x;y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3y^2}{4}+1>0,\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(...=x^2-2x+1+4\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+z^2-6z+9+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\left(y^{ }+1\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2+1>0,\forall x.y\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b.
$x^2+4y^2+z^2-2x-6z+8y+15=(x^2-2x+1)+(4y^2+8y+4)+(z^2-6z+9)+1$
$=(x-1)^2+(2y+2)^2+(z-3)^2+1\geq 0+0+0+1>0$ với mọi $x,y,z$
Ta có đpcm.