a) \(\dfrac{x-4}{15}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=15.\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=29\) thỏa \(x\inℤ\)
b) \(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{18}{x+1}\left(x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=18.4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=72\)
vì \(72=8.9=\left(-8\right).\left(-9\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{8;-9\right\}\left(x\inℤ\right)\)
c) \(2x+3⋮x+4\) \(\left(x\ne-4;x\inℤ\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2\left(x+4\right)⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2x-8⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4\in\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-3;-9;1\right\}\)