Ta có: \(a^2+b^2=4\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=4+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=4+2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-4=2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+2\right)\left(a+b-2\right)=2ab\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+2\right)\left(a+b-2\right)}{2}=ab\)
\(M=\frac{ab}{a+b+2}=\frac{\left(a+b+2\right)\left(a+b-2\right)}{2\left(a+b+2\right)}=\frac{a+b-2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}-1\). Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiaxoopki cho 2 số a/2 và b/2 ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\le\left[\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\le\frac{1}{2}.4=2\)( do \(a^2+b^2=4\))
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}\le\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức \(M=\frac{ab}{a+b+2}\)là \(\sqrt{2}-1\).
Ta có : \(\left(a+b\right)^2=a^2+b^2+2ab=4+2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{4+2ab}\)
Khi đó \(M=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{4+2ab}+2}\)
Dễ thấy \(\sqrt{4+2ab}>2\)nên có thể nhân liên hợp
\(M=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{4+2ab}+2}=\frac{ab\left(\sqrt{4+2ab}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{4+2ab}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{4+2ab}-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(\sqrt{4+2ab}-2\right)}{4+2ab-4}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(\sqrt{4+2ab}-2\right)}{2ab}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{4+2ab}-2}{2}\le\frac{\sqrt{4+a^2+b^2}-2}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{4+4}-2}{2}=\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" tại \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
