Le Thanh Tong (Chinese character: August 25, 1442 - March 3, 1497) was the fifth emperor of the Le Dynasty of Dai Viet. He reigned from June 26, 1460 until his death in 1497, for a total of 37 years, to be the longest reigning emperor of the Late Le period - the Early Le period in Vietnamese history.
Le Thanh Tong's real name is Le Tu Thanh (黎思誠), the fourth son of Le Thai Tong. At the end of 1442, Emperor Thai Tong passed away, Crown Prince Le Bang Co ascended the throne to be Le Nhan Tong, conquering Tu Thanh as Binh Nguyen King. In 1459, the eldest son of Thai Tong, Le Nghi Dan, broke into the palace to kill King Nhan Tong. Nghi Dan established himself as a king and reformed Tu Thanh to become King. Nghi Dan was only in the throne for 6 months. On the 6th of the sixth lunar month in 1460, the subordinates Nguyen Xi, Dinh Liet, mutiny, forced death from Nghi Dan. Two days later, they discussed to welcome Tu Thanh to the throne. Le Thanh Tong ascended the throne of the Emperor, proclaimed himself Thien Nam Dong (天 南 洞 主), renamed Quang Thuan (later changed to Hong Duc).
During the 38 years of national rule, Le Thanh Tong has issued many policies to perfect the bureaucracy, administration, economy, education - faculty, law and apply New Confucian values to the rule. security, making Dai Viet a stable and civilized country. He built a massive bureaucra system from the central to local levels, with a total of more than 5300 internal and external officials. [1] He also divided the country into 13 redundant clerks and Phung Thien district of Dong Kinh imperial city. He attaches great importance to promoting, citing talented mandarins, being honest and strict in eliminating corruption, laziness, immorality and immorality among officials. [2] However, he could not eliminate corruption badly because of the bulky nature and low salary of his bureaucracy. [3]
Le Thanh Tong also paid great attention to the development of education and culture, through his expansion of the regulations of exams to select talented people for the nation. He set the rule for 3 years to open a large examination, allowing those who passed the exam to return home to worship the homeland, and set up the epitaph inscribed with their names in the Temple of Literature. When he opened 12 major examinations, passed more than 500 people and was commented by Phan Huy Chu, a scholar of the Nguyen Dynasty: "The election of the generations, the most prosperous is the life of Hong Duc". Economically, he devoted himself to taking care of agriculture and encouraged people to open markets to boost the exchange of goods in the country. However, for foreign trade, he implemented a strict inhibiting policy of restricting economic development of Dai Viet. [6]
Thanh Tong also made great efforts to reform and train the army, directing the expansion in the south and west, namely conquering Champa in 1471, Lao Qua and Bon Man in 1479. The conquests were successful, especially the campaign against Chiem 1471 that brought Dai Viet army to the capital of Do Ban of Chiem, captured King Tra Toan and annexed a large territory from Quang Nam to Binh Dinh. This is a big milestone in the process of South Vietnamese advance. Le Thanh Tong maintained the newly occupied land despite the pressure from the strong country in the north, Dai Minh, demanding that he pay the land to Chiem Thanh. [7] He also firmly stopped the border encroachment of the territory and ethnic minorities in Dai Minh's side. [8]
The internal and external achievements of Thanh Tong made Dai Viet excavate to become a power in Southeast Asia. In Dai Viet, the history of the encyclopedia has the comment of the next Confucian historian about him: "The king founded a satisfactory literary regime, expanded the land and the shore was quite wide, truly a king of strategic heroes. , even though Emperor Wu Emperor of the Han Dynasty and the Tai Tong Dynasty could not be more ... ". However, the contemporaries and historians of the Le - Nguyen Dynasty criized him for the construction of many works, palaces that exceeded the old scale, were too frivolous in literature, dealt with a number of courtiers. and his brothers, rhetoric, imitating Dai Minh's state organization, and "too many concubines, became seriously ill" leading to his death at the age of 56. [9] [10] [11] [12] ] [13]
Le Thanh Tong was also a great poet and writer, estimating thousands of compositions in Han and Nom scripts, of which today there are more than 350 poems in Chinese. [14]
Lê Thánh Tông (chữ Hán: 黎聖宗 25 tháng 8 năm 1442 – 3 tháng 3 năm 1497) là hoàng đế thứ năm của Hoàng triều Lê nước Đại Việt. Ông trị vì từ ngày 26 tháng 6 năm 1460 đến khi qua đời năm 1497, tổng cộng 37 năm, là vị hoàng đế trị vì lâu nhất thời Hậu Lê – giai đoạn Lê sơ trong lịch sử Việt Nam.
Dịch
Le Thanh Tong (Chinese character: August 25, 1442 - March 3, 1497) was the fifth emperor of the Le Dynasty of Dai Viet. He reigned from June 26, 1460 until his death in 1497, for a total of 37 years, to be the longest reigning emperor of the Late Le period - the Early Le period in Vietnamese history.
