1) x2 + 10x + 26 + y2 + 2y
= (x2 + 10x + 25) + (y2 + 2y + 1)
= (x2 + 5x + 5x + 25) + (y2 + y + y + 1)
= x(x + 5) + 5(x + 5) + y(y + 1) + (y + 1)
= (x + 5)2 + (y + 1)2
2) z2 - 6z + 13 + t2 + 4t
= (z2 - 6z + 9) + (t2 + 4t + 4)
= (z2 - 3z - 3z + 9) + (t2 + 2t + 2t + 4)
= z(z - 3) - 3(z - 3) + t(t + 2) + 2(t + 2)
= (z - 3)2 + (t + 2)2
3) x2 - 2xy + 2y2 + 2y + 1
(x2 - 2xy + y2) + (y2 + 2y + 1)
= (x - xy - xy + y2) + (y2 + y + y +1)
= x(x - y) - y(x - y) + y(y + 1) + (y + 1)
= (x - y)2 + (y + 1)2