Một số người nói rằng quảng cáo khuyến khích chúng ta mua những thứ chúng ta thực sự không cần. Những người khác nói rằng quảng cáo cho chúng ta biết về những sản phẩm mới có thể cải thiện cuộc sống của chúng ta. Bạn đồng ý với quan điểm nào? Sử dụng lý do cụ thể và ví dụ để hỗ trợ câu trả lời của bạn.
Dịch:
Some theories of the purpose of dreams
Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?
Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.
The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.
Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.
Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.
REM and dreaming
Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.
Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.
It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.
New research
Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.
Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.
So what’s the conclusion?
Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.
Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?
Find the new words and translate it
Write a paragraph to support the idea that robot will be very useful in the future. You can use some of these ideas of your own
- home robots will be able to do all of our housework
- teaching robots will be able to help children do their homework
- worker robots will be able to build houses in the air
- doctor robots will be able to help sick people
- space robots will be able to build space stations on many other planets
- robots will be able to do dangerous work for us
You can begin and end as follows:
I agree with the idea that in the future robots will be very useful to us. Firstly, ----------------------------------------------------------------------For these reasons, I think that robots will be useful in our future.
đúng cho nhiều tích, nhanh trước ngày mai nộp rồi
I. Sử dụng các từ cho sẵn:(result,when,better,trust,bring,someone,share, things,as,get) để điền vào các khoảng trống trong đoạn văn sau:
To many people, their friends are most important..things..in their life. Really good friends..share..the good times and the bad times, help you when you’ve got problem, never judge you and never turn their back on you. Your best friend may be..someone....you’ve known all your life, someone you’ve grown up with and been through lots of ups and downs with. There are all sorts of things that can..bring..about this special relationship. It may be the..result..of enjoying the same activities, having the outlook on life, or sharing similar experiences.Most of us have met someone that we’ve immediately felt relaxed with,..as..if we’ve known them for years.However,usually it really does take you years to..get..to known someone well enough to consider him your best friend.To the majority of us this is someone we..trust..completely and who understands us..better..than anyone else.It’s the person you can turn to for impartial advice and a shoulder to cry on..when..life gets you down.
1. Odd one out
1. A. Newsreader. B. Film producer. C. Comedian. D. Programme
2. A. Popular. B. Exciting. C. Educational. D. Reporter
3. A. World news. B. Cartoon. C. Documentary. D. Studio
2. Chose the best
1. That TV programme is not only interesting __________ it also teaches children many things about family and friendship
A. How B. When C. Where. D. What
3. Chose true, false or no information.
Television is an important invention of the twentieth century. It has been so popular that now we can't imagine what life would be like if there were no television. Television is a major means of communication. It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes. Through television, viewers can see and learn about people, places and things in faraway lands.Television widens our knowledge by introducing to us new ideas which may lead us to new hobbies and recreations. In addition to the news, television provides us with a variety of programs that can satisfy every taste. Most people now seem to like spending their evenings watching TV than to go out.
1. Televition is an important means of communication. (True or False)
2. Television provides us with a 9variety of programs (True or False)
3. Most people don't like watching TV in the evening. (True or False)
4. Television can't satisfy all our tastes. (True or False)
5. People can learn many things through TV. (True or Fales)
#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333
#Read the letter below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Write your answer in the numbered box below. 0 is an example.(10pts)#
Dear Ronnie
How are you?
Thanks for your email last week. It was great to hear from you. I'm pleased that you are enjoying your new school and that you have made(0)……….. new friends. The project you described in your letter sounds (1)_______interesting! I have some ideas that might help you. The title of the project is 'Ways to Mare my School Better' - is that right? Well, first of all, how (2)________ taking about the rules? Are there any rules that the students (3)_____ like to change? Have you spoken(4)_______ your classmates about any of the rules that they don't like? Why don't you suggest some new rules? I've got a second idea for your project too. How about talking about the clubs at the school? You might have some nice ideas about new hobbies for the pupils. Is there a music club (5)__________ a film-making club? Why don't you suggest some new clubs that are interesting for people your age? The third idea I had was about the buildings in the school. Why don't you suggest ways to make the buildings (6)_________ nicer? How about some pictures or photos on the walls inside the school? That (7)________ make the classrooms look good. Do you think the teachers would like that idea? Anyway, I hope (8)________ideas are helpful. I look forward to reading your project. Send it to me (9)_________email when you have finished it. Let me know (10)_________you need any more help.
Bye for now.
John
Giúp mk vs nha. Thanks:333
Write an email (100-120 words) to your friend and tell him/her about at least three things that you like most and one thing you do not like in your living area
IV. Fill in each blank with a correct preposition. 2. We will provide you __________ plastic bags. 3. We're afraid to say that we don't agree __________ your project. It causes many bad things ___________ the environment. 4. Tom's parents was disappointed ________ him because he failed the final test. 5. Take an umbrella ________ you. It will save you _________ getting wet on the way home 6. The boy keeps _________ asking his father _________ protecting the environment. 7. The streets are full __________ garbage 8. We are all responsible _________ keeping the environment clear and clean. 9. The park was littered _____________ bottles and cans after the festival 10. They protect these precious thing _________ being stolen. 11. The garbage bins put around the school yard is to prevent lazy students ___________ littering 12. These pollutants come __________ the land. 13. The small garden is covered __________ new grass. 14. we must do something _________ the pollution here. 15. I can get the area __________ this map
Use the word at the end of each sentence to form a new word that fits into the sentence
1. The _____________ in this place is absolutely terrible. I want my money back. (SERVE)
2. Could you help me make a ___________ I don't know which phone to buy. (DECIDE)
3. Even very good clothes are quite ____________ in this shop. (AFFFORD)
4. There are no further ______________ for applying for this job. (REQUIRE)
5. My mother had no idea that this vase was so _________ (VALUE)
6. Companies should always tell the _______ in their advertisements. (TRUE)
7. Credit cards are really _________, but you have to be careful with them. (USE)
8. I read a __________ of all the new mountain bikes. This one is the best. (COMPARE)
9. Before you get money from the bank you have to make a ___________ about whether you can pay it back or not. (JUDGE)
10. He has been an ________ banker for ages. (INVEST)
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