\(a,A=2^0+2^1+2^2+....+\)\(2^{2010}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2^1+2^2+2^3+....+2^{2011}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2011}\right)-\left(2^0+2^1+2^2+...+2^{2010}\right)\)
\(A=2^{2011}-2^0\)
\(A=2^{2011}-1\)
\(b,B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\)
\(3B-B=\left(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\right)\)
\(2B=3^{101}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{3^{101}-1}{2}\)
\(c,C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^n\)
\(\Rightarrow4C=4^2+4^3+4^4+...+4^{n+1}\)
\(4C-C=\left(4^2+4^3+4^4+...+4^{n+1}\right)-\left(4+4^2+4^3+...+4^n\right)\)
\(3C=4^{n+1}-4\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{4^{n+1}-4}{3}\)
\(d,D=1+5+5^2+...+5^{2000}\)
\(\Rightarrow5D=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{2001}\)
\(5D-D=\left(5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{2001}\right)-\left(1+5+5^2+...+5^{2000}\right)\)
\(4D=5^{2001}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{5^{2001}-1}{4}\)
b)
B=1+3+3^2+3^3+..+3^100
=> 3B = 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ...+ 3^101
=> 3B - B = ( 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ...+ 3^101) - (1+3+3^2+3^3+..+3^100)
=> 2B = 3^101 - 1
=> B =( 3^101 - 1) / 2
