Ta có S = \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{4}{16}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
2S = 1 + \(\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^9}\)
2S - S = ( 1 + \(\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2^2}+\dfrac{4}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^9}\)) - ( \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{3}{2^3}+\dfrac{4}{2^4}+...+\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\))
S = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}-\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\)
Đặt A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}\)
2A = 2 + 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^8}\)
2A - A = ( 2 + 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^8}\)) - ( 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}\))
A = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^9}\)
⇒ S = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^9}\) - \(\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}\) = \(\dfrac{2^{11}}{2^{10}}-\dfrac{2}{2^{10}}-\dfrac{10}{2^{10}}=\dfrac{2^2\left(2^9-3\right)}{2^{10}}=\dfrac{2^9-3}{2^8}\)
Vậy S = \(\dfrac{2^9-3}{2^8}\)
