M=7x-7y+4ax-4ay-5
M=7(x-y)+4a(x-y)-5
M=0+0-5=-5.
N=x(x^2+y^2)-y(x^2+y^2)+3
N=(x-y)(x^2+y^2)+3=0+3=3
a, M = 7x - 7y + 4ax - 4ay - 5
=> M = 7(x - y) + 4a(x - y) - 5
=> M = 0 + 0 - 5 = -5
b, N = x (x2 + y2) - y ( x2 + y2) + 3
=> N = (x - y)(x2 + y2) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3