+\(\sqrt{x-y+z}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-y+z}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-y+z+y+2\sqrt{xy-y^2+zx}=x+z+2\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{xy-y^2+zx}=2\sqrt{zx}\Leftrightarrow xy-y^2+zx=zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\text{ (do }y\ne0\text{)}\)
+\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=1\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx-xyz=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+zx+zx-x^2z=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2z-xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2z-xz=0\text{ (do }x\ne0\text{)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(z-1\right)=2=-1.\left(-2\right)=1.2\)
Do x, z nguyên nên có các trường hợp sau:
+\(x-2=-1\Leftrightarrow x=1\text{ và }z-1=-2\Leftrightarrow z=-1\text{ (loại do }z>0\text{)}\)
+\(x-2=1\Leftrightarrow x=3\text{ và }z-1=2\Leftrightarrow z=3\Rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(3;3;3\right)\)
+\(x-2=-2\Leftrightarrow x=0\text{ và }z-1=-1\Leftrightarrow z=0\text{ (loại do }x,z\ne0\text{)}\)
+\(x-2=2\Leftrightarrow x=4\text{ và }z-1=1\Leftrightarrow z=2\Rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(4;4;2\right)\)
Kết luận: \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(3;3;3\right);\left(4;4;2\right)\)
