a) Ta có: \(2x+1=\left(2x+4\right)-3=2.\left(x+2\right)-3\)
- Để \(2x+1⋮x+2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2.\left(x+2\right)-3⋮x+2\)mà \(2.\left(x+2\right)⋮x+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3⋮x+2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+2\inƯ\left(3\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
- Ta có bảng giá trị:
| \(x+2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(-3\) | \(3\) |
| \(x\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(-5\) | \(1\) |
| \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-5,-3,-1,1\right\}\)
b) Ta có: \(5x+2=\left(5x+5\right)-3=5.\left(x+1\right)-3\)
- Để \(5x+2⋮x+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(5.\left(x+1\right)-3⋮x+1\)mà \(5.\left(x+1\right)⋮x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(3⋮x+1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+1\inƯ\left(3\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
- Ta có bảng giá trị:
| \(x+1\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(-3\) | \(3\) |
| \(x\) | \(-2\) | \(0\) | \(-4\) | \(2\) |
| \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) | \(\left(TM\right)\) |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-4,-2,0,2\right\}\)
c) Để \(3x+1⋮2x+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2.\left(3x+1\right)⋮2x+1\)
- Ta có: \(2.\left(3x+1\right)=6x+2=\left(6x+3\right)-1=3.\left(2x+1\right)-1\)
- Để \(2.\left(3x+1\right)⋮2x+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3.\left(2x+1\right)-1⋮2x+1\)mà \(3.\left(2x+1\right)⋮2x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(1⋮2x+1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)\in\left\{\pm1\right\}\)
+ \(2x+1=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=0\left(TM\right)\)
+ \(2x+1=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x=-2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=-1\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1,0\right\}\)
