Có \(A=n^2\left(n^2+n+1\right)\)
Để A là scp \(\Leftrightarrow n^2+n+1\) là scp
Đặt \(a^2=n^2+n+1\) (\(a\in Z\))
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2=4n^2+4n+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(2n+1\right)^2+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-2n-1\right)\left(2a+2n+1\right)=3\)
Do \(a,n\in Z\Rightarrow2a-2n-1;2a+2n+1\) \(\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2n-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\\2a+2n+1\inƯ\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2n-1=-3\\2a+2n+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a=-4\\2a+2n+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\n=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
TH2:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2n-1=-1\\2a+2n+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a=-4\\2a+2n+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\n=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
TH3:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2n-1=1\\2a+2n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a=4\\2a+2n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\n=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
TH4:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2n-1=3\\2a+2n+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a=4\\2a+2n+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\n=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Vậy n=0 và n=-1 thì A là scp
