B = 2\(x^2\) - 4\(x\) - 8
B = 2(\(x^2\) - 2\(x\) + 4) - 16
B = 2(\(x-2\))2 - 16
Vì (\(x-2\))2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\) ⇒ 2(\(x-2\))2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\)
⇒ 2(\(x-2\))2 - 16 ≥ -16 ∀ \(x\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi (\(x-2\))2 = 0 ⇒ \(x-2=0\) ⇒ \(x=2\)
Vậy Bmin = -16 khi \(x=2\)
Tìm min của C biết:
C = \(x^2\) - 2\(xy\) + 2y2 + 2\(x\) - 10y + 17
C = (\(x^2\) - 2\(xy\) + y2) + 2(\(x\) - y) + y2 - 8y + 16 + 1
C = (\(x\) - y)2 + 2(\(x\) - y) + 1 + (y2 - 8y + 16)
C = (\(x-y+1\))2 + (y - 4)2
Vì (\(x\) - y + 1)2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x;y\); (y - 4)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4+1=0\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1+4\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Cmin = 0 khi (\(x;y\)) = (3; 4)
D = \(x^2\) - \(xy\) + y2 - 2\(x\) - 2y
D=[\(x^2\)-2\(x\)\(\dfrac{y}{2}\)+(\(\dfrac{y}{2}\))2]-(2\(x\)-2\(\dfrac{y}{2}\)) +1 +(\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)y2-2.\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)y .\(\sqrt{3}\) +3) - 4
D = (\(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\))2 - 2(\(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\))+ 1 + (\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)y - \(\sqrt{3}\))2 - 4
D = (\(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\) - 1)2 + (\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)y - \(\sqrt{3}\))2 - 4
Vì (\(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\) - 1)2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\);y và (\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)y - \(\sqrt{3}\))2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
Vậy (\(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\) - 1)2 + (\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)y - \(\sqrt{3}\))2 - 4 ≥ - 4 ∀ \(x;y\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{y}{2}-1=0\\\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}y-\sqrt{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{y}{2}-1=0\\\sqrt{3}.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}y-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+\dfrac{1}{2}y\\\dfrac{1}{2}y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+1\\y=1:\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy Dmin = - 4 khi (\(x;y\)) =(2; 2)
