M = -x2 - 8x + 5
= -( x2 + 8x + 16 ) + 21
= -( x + 4 )2 + 21 ≤ 21 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = -4
Vậy MaxM = 21
\(M=-x^2-8x\)\(+5\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\)
Vì \(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow M=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+4\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-4\)
Vậy GTLN của M = 21 khi x = - 4