Ta có: \(G=x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-3\left(x+y\right)-xy\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)-xy\)
Mà \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Leftrightarrow-xy\ge-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow G\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow G\ge\frac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}-3\left(x+y\right)\)
Đến đây để cho dễ nhìn, ta đặt \(t=x+y\)
\(\Rightarrow G\ge\frac{3t^2}{4}-3t=3\left(\frac{t^2}{4}-\frac{2t}{2}+1\right)-3\ge3\left(\frac{t}{2}-1\right)^2-3\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t}{2}=1\Leftrightarrow t=2\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2\\x=y\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=1}\)
Vậy \(MIN_G=-3\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
